In this study, we explored the retrospective narratives of 22 adults in Singapore who experienced bias-based bullying during their schooling years. Participants described bullying as chronic and intersecting forms of harm, including verbal taunts, physical aggression, social exclusion, and cyberbullying.

Findings highlight the lasting emotional and psychological impacts of these experiences, including mental health challenges, school disengagement, and diminished self-esteem. At the same time, participants reflected on processes of resistance and identity reclamation, reframing their disabilities as sources of strength and developing resilience over time.

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